Yasmin's Articles

 Explanation of Word Stress in Pronunciation Word stress refers to the emphasis placed on a specific syllable within a word when it is spoken. This stress makes the syllable stand out by making it louder, longer, and sometimes higher in pitch compared to other syllables. Correct word stress is essential for clear communication in English because it can change the meaning of a word or make it easier for listeners to understand. Key Features of Word Stress: Loudness : The stressed syllable is pronounced louder than the others. Length : The stressed syllable is held slightly longer. Pitch : The pitch of the voice often rises on the stressed syllable. Clarity : Vowels in stressed syllables are pronounced more clearly, while unstressed syllables may have a reduced vowel sound (like the schwa /ə/). 1. Examples of Word Stress in Pronunciation Single-word stress: PREsent (noun) vs. preSENT (verb) REcord (noun) vs. reCORD (verb) CONtract (noun) vs. conTRACT (verb) Stress in multisyllabic wo...

In qualitative research , the background section provides essential context for your study, including the rationale for choosing your topic and highlighting any gaps or areas of interest in existing research. Here’s how to effectively create the background of the research: 1. Define the Topic and Scope Start by clearly introducing your research topic. Describe the broader area in which your study falls and specify the scope of your research. Explain why the topic is significant, and how it may impact real-world practices, policies, or understanding. 2. Review Relevant Literature Summarize key studies, theories, or findings relevant to your topic. Highlight any trends, key themes, or notable differences in perspectives found in the literature. Identify gaps or limitations in the current research, such as areas that haven’t been explored, contradictions, or aspects where deeper understanding is needed. 3. Establish the Research Problem Clearly state the problem or question your study aim...

Here are the main types of phrases, along with examples: 1. Noun Phrase (NP) A noun phrase consists of a noun and its modifiers. It can function as the subject, object, or complement in a sentence. Example: The big red car sped down the road. A group of students went to the museum. 2 . Verb Phrase (VP) A verb phrase consists of a verb and its modifiers or complements. It expresses actions or states of being. Example: He is reading a book. She will have finished by noon. 3. Adjective Phrase (AdjP) An adjective phrase consists of an adjective and its modifiers. It typically describes a noun or pronoun. Example: The cake is very delicious. He is extremely intelligent. 4. Adverb Phrase (AdvP) An adverb phrase consists of an adverb and its modifiers. It modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Example: She ran very quickly. He works quite efficiently. 5. Prepositional Phrase (PP) A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and includes the object of the preposition (usually a nou...

 English pragmatics involves the study of how context influences the interpretator of meaning in language. Here are some examples illustrating different aspects of pragmatics: 1. Speech Acts Request: “Could you pass the salt?” (The speaker is asking for the salt, not inquiring about the listener’s ability to pass it.) Apology: “I’m sorry for being late.” (The speaker is expressing regret.) 2. Conversational Implicature Implicature Example: “It’s getting late.” (Implied meaning: “We should probably leave soon.”) Grice’s Maxims: Quantity: Giving the right amount of information. “Some of the guests have arrived.” (Implicates that not all have arrived.) Quality: Being truthful. “I have a headache.” (Expected to be a true statement.) 3. Deixis Person Deixis: “I” (speaker), “you” (listener) Place Deixis: “here” (location of the speaker), “there” (location away from the speaker) Time Deixis: “now” (current time), “then” (a different time) 4. Politeness and Face-Threatening Acts Politeness...

𝐂𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐥𝐲! 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐜𝐚𝐧 𝐡𝐞𝐥𝐩 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐬𝐲𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐱 𝐞𝐱𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐢𝐬𝐞𝐬: 1. 𝐈𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐮𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞: 𝐈𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞, 𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐲 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐮𝐛𝐣𝐞𝐜𝐭 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞. "𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐜𝐤 𝐛𝐫𝐨𝐰𝐧 𝐟𝐨𝐱 𝐣𝐮𝐦𝐩𝐬 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐚𝐳𝐲 𝐝𝐨𝐠." 2. 𝐒𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞: 𝐃𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐢𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐬𝐢𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞, 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝, 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐱, 𝐨𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝-𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐱. "𝐁𝐞𝐜𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐭 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐫𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠, 𝐰𝐞 𝐝𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐲 𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐜𝐡 𝐚 𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐞." 3. 𝐏𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐜𝐡: 𝐋𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐥 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐞𝐜𝐡 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐝 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐛𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐰. "𝐒𝐡𝐞 𝐪𝐮𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐥𝐲 𝐫𝐚𝐧 𝐭𝐨 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐛𝐮𝐲 𝐬𝐨𝐦𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐥𝐤." ...

  CHAPTER III RESEARCH DESIGN  This chapter deals with the research method which presents Research Design, Research Setting, Data and Sources of Data, Technique of Data Collection, Data Validity, and the last is Data Analysis. 3.1 Research Design  In general, the research method is defined as planned scientific activities, structured, systematic, and has specific objectives both practical and theoretical. It is called as 'scientific activity' because of research with aspects of science and theory. 'Planned' because research must be planned with due regard for time, funding, and accessibility to places and data.  This research is a type of field research. Here the researcher collects data from the field by conducting an investigation directly in the field to find various relevance to the this research. While the approach used in this research is qualitative approach. The term qualitative is intended as a type of research whose findings are not obtained through stati...

The Role of Teacher and Students in ESP teaching-learning process ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES ESP is part of a larger movement within language teaching away from a concentration on teaching grammar and language structures to an emphasis on language in context. ESP covers subjects ranging from accounting or computer science to tourism and business management. The ESP focus means that English is not taught as a subject divorced from the students' real world; instead, it is integrated into a subject matter area important to the learners. ESP  needs assessment determines which language skills are most needed by the students, and the program is focused accordingly. An ESP program, might, for example, stress the development of reading skills in students who are preparing for graduate work in engineering; or it might stress the development of conversational skills in students who are studying English in order to become tour guides. ESP integrates subject matter and English language inst...